CNA Explains: What is HMPV, Why Are Cases Rising in China, and Should You Be Worried?

Tags: HMPV, respiratory infections, China, public health, virus prevention

Surge in HMPV Cases in China

China is experiencing a rise in respiratory infections, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), during the annual winter spike, particularly among children under 14 years old. From Dec 23 to Dec 29, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported an increase in respiratory diseases without disclosing specific numbers.

Photos and videos circulating on Chinese social media show long queues and crowded hospitals, highlighting the strain on healthcare facilities. Officials have advised wearing masks, staying up to date with vaccinations, and practicing good hygiene to mitigate the spread.

What is HMPV?

HMPV is a respiratory virus with flu-like symptoms, including coughing, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. Severe cases can lead to complications such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Vulnerable groups include young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

The virus spreads through close contact with infected individuals, droplets from sneezing or coughing, and touching contaminated surfaces. Unlike COVID-19, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV.

Why Are Cases Rising?

Experts attribute the rise in HMPV cases to seasonal trends and enhanced disease surveillance post-COVID-19. Cold weather in northern China, expected to persist until March, creates favorable conditions for respiratory viruses to spread.

Improved diagnostic tools and monitoring systems also mean more cases are being detected. However, experts emphasize that the current situation is consistent with global seasonal patterns and does not pose a significant public health threat at this time.

How Does HMPV Compare to COVID-19?

Unlike COVID-19, which led to widespread global disruptions, HMPV primarily affects young children and those with pre-existing conditions. Mortality is rare and usually occurs in combination with other infections like influenza.

While treatments like Paxlovid exist for COVID-19, there is no equivalent for HMPV, making prevention measures like hygiene and mask-wearing crucial.

Impact Across China

In cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, hospitals have seen an influx of patients. Long wait times and crowded facilities are common, with some parents sharing their struggles to seek timely treatment for their children.

Social media users have reported symptoms such as headaches, body aches, and prolonged respiratory issues, describing the illness as a slow and persistent discomfort.

Spread Beyond China

HMPV has not been classified as a global health emergency, but other countries in Asia, including India, Taiwan, and Malaysia, are closely monitoring the situation.

In Malaysia, HMPV cases increased by 45% in 2024 compared to the previous year, while Taiwan remains vigilant with its surveillance efforts. Cambodia and Vietnam have also issued public health advisories.

How Can We Protect Ourselves?

Lessons from COVID-19, such as good hygiene practices and wearing masks in crowded spaces, remain effective in reducing the risk of HMPV. Families with young children should be especially cautious and seek medical attention for prolonged or severe respiratory symptoms.

Experts believe that existing surveillance systems and global data-sharing will help identify and address any serious outbreaks promptly. While the current situation does not indicate a widespread threat, continued vigilance is essential to prevent further transmission.